In the display world that pursues ultimate color and wide viewing angles, TN screens, with their unique vitality, still shine brightly in certain fields. 在追求极致色彩与广视角的显示世界,TN屏以其独特的生命力,依然在特定领域熠熠生辉.

When we talk about display technologies, we often focus on the brilliant colors and the wide viewing angles, but tend to overlook a humble yet crucial member in the display world - the TN (Twisted Nematic) panel. 当我们谈论显示技术时,常聚焦于绚丽的色彩与广阔的视角,却容易忽略显示世界中一位低调而关键的成员——TN(Twisted Nematic,扭曲向列型)面板.

As the "pioneer" of liquid crystal display technology, the technical principle of TN panels laid the foundation for the subsequent development of liquid crystal displays. 作为液晶显示技术的"鼻祖",TN面板的技术原理奠定了后来液晶显示屏发展的基石. Although it is inferior to modern IPS and VA panels in terms of color reproduction and viewing angle, with its unique advantages, TN panels still occupy an irreplaceable position in many industry applications. 尽管在色彩表现和可视角度上不敌现代IPS与VA面板,但凭借其独特优势,TN屏依然在众多行业应用中占据着不可替代的一席之地.

The basic structure of a TN panel involves etching transparent electrode patterns onto a glass substrate coated with ITO transparent conductive layer. Two such glass substrates are sandwiched between a layer of liquid crystal material, sealed at the edges, and forming a flat liquid crystal box with a thickness of only several micrometers. TN面板的基本结构,是将涂有ITO透明导电层的玻璃光刻上透明电极图形,两片这种玻璃基板夹持一层液晶材料,四周密封,形成厚度仅数微米的扁平液晶盒.

The working principle of TN screens is simple and ingenious: when no voltage is applied, the incident light passes through the polarizing film and then through the liquid crystal layer. TN屏的工作原理简洁而巧妙:在不加电压时,入射光经过偏光片后通过液晶层,偏光被分子扭转排列的液晶层旋转90°,光线能顺利通过,液晶层呈现透明.

The polarized light is rotated by the molecules in the liquid crystal layer by 90°, allowing the light to pass through smoothly. The liquid crystal layer appears transparent. When a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules will re-orient themselves vertically, preventing the light from twisting and thus blocking it. This causes the area around the electrodes to appear black. 而当施加电压时,液晶分子会重新垂直排列,使光线不发生扭转,从而被阻挡,在电极部位呈现黑色.

This simple yet efficient working principle has endowed TN screens with two core advantages: extremely fast response speed and low production cost. 这种基础而高效的工作原理,赋予了TN屏两大核心优势:极快的响应速度与低廉的生产成本.

The TN panel has a relatively small number of gray levels for output, and the liquid crystal molecules have a fast deflection speed. As a result, the response time can be easily improved, reaching a maximum gray-scale response time of 1ms, which is still unmatched by other panel types. TN面板由于输出灰阶级数较少,液晶分子偏转速度快,响应时间容易提高,最快可达1ms的灰阶响应时间,这仍是其他面板类型难以比拟的.

In the field of esports and high-performance gaming 电竞与高性能游戏领域

In the esports arena, every millisecond counts. 在电竞赛场,每毫秒都至关重要. TN panels, with their extremely fast response speed, have become the preferred choice for many esports players and hardcore gamers. TN面板凭借其极快的响应速度,成为众多电竞选手和硬核游戏玩家的首选.

In fast-paced gaming scenarios, TN screens can significantly reduce motion blur and ghosting effects, providing players with a clearer and smoother visual experience. 在快速移动的游戏场景中,TN屏能显著减少运动模糊和拖影现象,为玩家提供更清晰,流畅的画面体验.

Additionally, TN panels are currently the only type of panel that can achieve a refresh rate above 120Hz. They can support a refresh rate of 240Hz or even higher. When combined with adaptive synchronization technologies such as NVIDIA G-Sync or AMD FreeSync, they further enhance the smoothness of the game graphics. 此外,TN面板是目前唯一能达到120Hz以上刷新频率的面板类型,可支持240Hz甚至更高的刷新率,配合NVIDIA G-Sync或AMD FreeSync等自适应同步技术,进一步提升了游戏画面的流畅度.

Industrial Control and Automation Field 工业控制与自动化领域

The industrial environment is highly sensitive to the reliability, stability and cost of display devices. 工业环境对显示设备的可靠性,稳定性和成本极为敏感. TN screens have found extensive application space in the industrial control field due to their simple structure, long lifespan and controllable cost. TN屏因其结构简单,寿命长且成本可控,在工业控制领域找到了广阔的应用空间.

From the control panels in the factory workshop to the operation interfaces of CNC equipment, from the display screens of testing instruments to the monitoring terminals of automation systems, TN screens can reliably display critical data with stability and reliability. 从工厂车间的控制面板到数控设备的操作界面,从测试仪器的显示屏到自动化系统的监控终端,TN屏都能稳定可靠地显示关键数据.

The industrial environment usually does not require viewing the screen from a very wide angle, which effectively overcomes the drawback of the limited viewing angle of TN screens. 工业环境通常不需要大角度观看屏幕,这有效规避了TN屏可视角度有限的短板.

Specialized equipment and low-cost display requirements 专用设备与低成本显示需求

In specialized equipment used in industries such as finance, retail, and healthcare, TN screens also play an important role. 在金融,零售,医疗等行业的专用设备中,TN屏同样发挥着重要作用.

Bank ATMs, self-service ticket vending machines, handheld terminal devices, etc. These devices are usually operated by users and do not have high requirements for color performance, but they need to run stably for a long time. TN screens precisely meet these requirements. 银行ATM机,自助售票机,手持终端设备等,这些设备通常为用户正面操作,对色彩表现要求不高,但需要长时间稳定运行,TN屏正好满足这些需求.

Furthermore, in the markets of low-cost laptops and office monitors, TN screens still hold a position due to their price advantage, providing practical display solutions for users with limited budgets. 此外,在低成本笔记本电脑和办公显示器市场,TN屏凭借价格优势,依然占有一席之地,为预算有限的用户提供了实用的显示解决方案.

TN screens are not perfect. The main technical limitations of TN screens lie in their narrow viewing angles and limited color reproduction capabilities. TN屏并非完美,其最主要的技术局限在于可视角度较窄和色彩表现力有限.

Especially when viewed from the top-down direction, the TN screen will exhibit significant changes in contrast and brightness, and the colors will also experience drift. 特别是从上下方向观看时,TN屏会出现明显的对比度和亮度变化,色彩也会产生漂移.

To address these shortcomings, the manufacturer developed the TN+Film (compensation film) technology. By adding a layer of reflective film to the panel, the viewing angle was increased from the original 90 degrees to approximately 160 degrees - 170 degrees. 为了弥补这些不足,厂商开发了TN+Film(补偿膜)技术,通过在面板上增加一层转向膜,将可视角度从早期的90度提高到了约160度-170度.

In terms of color, the native TN panel can only display 262,144 colors (64*64*64, 6-bit panel). 在色彩方面,原生TN面板只能显示262,144种色彩(64*64*64,6bit面板).

Through the color jittering technology (FRC, frame rate control), TN panels can simulate the display of 167 million colors (8 bits), but the color reproduction is still not as accurate as that of the native 8-bit IPS or VA panels. 通过色彩抖动技术(FRC,帧速率控制),TN面板可以模拟显示1670万色(8bit),但色彩还原依然不如原生8bit的IPS或VA面板准确.

From the high-refresh-rate screens that professional e-sports players use for their intense operations, to the control panels that operate stably in factory workshops, TN screens play a unique role on various stages. 从电竞选手紧张操控的高刷新率屏幕,到工厂车间稳定运行的控制面板,TN屏在不同的舞台上发挥着独特的作用. It may not be the most dazzling star in display technology, but it is the most practical choice that best meets specific needs. 它或许不是显示技术中最闪耀的明星,但却是最适应特定需求的务实选择.

The evolution of display technologies has never ceased. New technologies such as OLED and Mini-LED keep emerging. 显示技术的演进从未停止,OLED,Mini-LED等新技术层出不穷. However, the value of technology does not lie in blindly pursuing the cutting-edge, but in appropriately meeting the needs. 然而,技术的价值不在于一味追求尖端,而在于恰到好处地满足需求. In this sense, the existence and development of TN screens precisely illustrate the essence of industrial design - seeking the optimal solution through balance. 在这个意义上,TN屏的存在与发展,恰好诠释了工业设计的本质——在平衡中寻求最优解.